Considering these issues for quantitative research, there is a need to examine social and health variables in future studies. ![]() The analysis of the qualitative studies revealed four themes: emotional expression, group interaction, development of skills, and improvement of quality of life. No published longitudinal trials could be found. ![]() Furthermore, many RCTs focused on effects of single sessions. Beneficial effects of MT/ MBI on emotional and motivational outcomes, participation, locus of control, and perceived helpfulness were reported, but results were inconsistent across studies. We had planned for a meta-analysis, but due to the diversity of the quantitative studies, effect sizes were not computed. There was a clear increase in the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) during the past few years. Therefore, we conducted a systematic search on published articles examining effects of music, MT and MBIs and found 34 quantitative and six qualitative studies. ![]() Previous reviews on the efficacy of MT emphasized the dearth of research evidence for this topic, although various positive effects were identified. Music therapy (MT) and music-based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly used for the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD).
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